fastigiata types are more upright in their growth habit and have shorter crop cycles. Over time, thousands of peanut landraces evolved these are classified into six botanical varieties and two subspecies (as listed in the peanut scientific classification table). From this primary center of origin, cultivation spread and formed secondary and tertiary centers of diversity in Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The domesticated plants are bushier and more compact, and have a different pod structure and larger seeds. hypogaea dramatically different from its wild relatives.
The process of domestication through artificial selection made A. monticola, a wild form of peanut that occurs in a few limited locations in northwestern Argentina, or in southeastern Bolivia, where the peanut landraces with the most wild-like features are grown today. Genetic analysis suggests the hybridization may have occurred only once and gave rise to A. The initial hybrid would have been sterile, but spontaneous chromosome doubling restored its fertility, forming what is termed an amphidiploid or allotetraploid. hypogaea) arose from a hybrid between two wild species of peanut, thought to be A. The Arachis genus is endemic to South America.
Peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in Western cuisines. The capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. Like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. The peanut belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. With this characteristic in mind, the botanist Carl Linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth". Atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground ( geocarpy) rather than above ground.
World annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by China with 38% of the world total. It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. The peanut ( Arachis hypogaea) also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds.
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